ITPEC IP October 2024 Question 70
Data of the defects and faults of products, complaints from customers, etc. are categorized according to their cause and situation. Which of the following represents the number of data in each category in descending order on a bar graph and the cumulative total on a line graph?
Explanation
Pareto chart — bars sorted in descending order plus a cumulative-total line is the defining shape of a Pareto chart.
Defects, faults or complaints are grouped by cause, the categories are drawn as bars from the most frequent to the least, and a line shows the cumulative total (usually as a percentage). The chart makes the few categories that account for most of the problems stand out, so improvement effort can be focused on them first.
Answer (c)
Why not others:
- •(a) Control chart — plots a process measurement over time against a center line and upper and lower control limits to detect abnormalities
- •(b) Tree diagram — breaks a goal or problem down hierarchically into means or causes, level by level
- •(d) Matrix chart — arranges two sets of items as rows and columns to show the relationships at their intersections
Key rule: Descending bars with a cumulative line is a Pareto chart, used for ABC analysis and to pick the "vital few" problems to tackle first.
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