ITPEC IP April 2023 Question 27
ITPEC IP April 2023 — Question 27 of 100
Normalization reduces unnecessary duplication and update anomalies so relational data remains consistent. Data is decomposed into related tables according to dependencies, with keys linking the tables. A fact is then stored in an appropriate place rather than copied across many rows, reducing the risk that an insert, update, or deletion leaves contradictory values.
Answer (b)
Why not others:
- (a) normalization is a logical design method, not a compression technique
- (c) preventing leakage requires access control, encryption, and other security measures
- (d) simultaneous access is handled through transactions, locking, and concurrency control
Key rule: Normalize to preserve integrity and avoid anomalies; use security controls for confidentiality and transaction controls for concurrency.
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