ITPEC FE Software Questions with Answers

Software

56 questions · Fundamental Engineering

Apr 2026 · Question 14

Which of the following is the CPU utilization in percentage rounded to a decimal number when three (3) jobs with 30% average I/O (Input/Output) wait time are running on a single CPU? Here, I/O wait time refers to the percentage of time a job is waiting for its I/O operation to complete.

a)10b)34c)90d)97

Apr 2026 · Question 15

There are four processes, namely, P1, P2, P3, and P4, and their corresponding CPU-execution times are shown in the table below. All four (4) processes arrive at time 0, in the given order, and waiting time is the time a process waits before it gets its time slice for execution. Time slice is 5 ms. Which of the following is the average waiting time in milliseconds for the processes to be executed in Round Robin?

Process	CPU-execution time in milliseconds
P1	5
P2	13
P3	4
P4	8

a)7.5b)10c)11.5d)19

Apr 2026 · Question 16

Which of the following is a program that combines the separately compiled modules of a program into a form suitable for execution in C language?

a)Assemblerb)Compilerc)Interpreterd)Linker

Oct 2025 · Question 13

Five processes A, B, C, D and E arrive at almost the same time in the order of A, B, C, D and E. The processes have estimated running times of 10, 6, 2, 8, and 4 milliseconds, respectively. Which of the following is the average process turnaround time with the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduling algorithm?

a)14b)19.2c)20d)22

Oct 2025 · Question 14

In indirect addressing of direct file organization, which of the following is an appropriate method for calculating the record address from a record key in the superposition addressing method, or folding and adding method? Here, the record key is 123456 in decimal. The total number of records is 1,000, and the closest prime number to 1,000 is 997. The decimal number 123456 is equivalent to 361100 in octal.

a)Converting the record key into 361100 and using it as the addressb)Dividing the record key by 997 and using the remainder of 825 as the addressc)Splitting the record key into 123 and 456 and using their sum, 579, as the addressd)Using the record key 123456 as the address

Oct 2025 · Question 15

The page capacity of main memory is three pages, and the pages are referenced in the order {1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5}. Which of the following is the page that will be replaced from main memory for the last page reference if LRU is used as the page replacement technique?

a)1b)2c)3d)4

Apr 2025 · Question 13

The relation between virtual address and physical address is shown below. Each virtual page and page frame starts at a multiple of 4096 and ends 4095 addresses higher. Virtual address space 4K-8K corresponds to 4096-8191 and 8K to 12K corresponds to 8192-12287. Which of the following is the physical address corresponding to the virtual address numbered 8300?

a)8192b)8300c)24576d)24684

Apr 2025 · Question 14

In a system with preemptive priority scheduling, where the smallest priority number is considered as the highest priority, there are four processes, P1, P2, P3, and P4. Their arrival times, CPU-burst times, and priorities are shown in the table below. Which of the following is the average waiting time (in ms) for the processes to be executed?

Process	Arrival time	CPU-burst time (in ms)	Priority
P1	0	8	2
P2	2	1	1
P3	4	2	3
P4	6	3	4

a)2.75b)3c)3.25d)3.5

Oct 2024 · Question 10

Which of the following is the appropriate purpose of defragmentation of hard disks?

a)To access disk files faster and more efficientlyb)To clean up temporary and junk filesc)To delete IBG (interblock gap) and increase capacityd)To protect disk drives from physical failures

Oct 2024 · Question 13

There are minor and major page faults in an Operating System (OS). Which of the following is an appropriate action of the OS when a major page fault occurs?

a)Asking the user to input the instruction corresponding to the pageb)Looking for a page in CPU cachec)Looking for a page in virtual memory on the hard diskd)Looking for the missed block corresponding to the page on the physical memory

Oct 2024 · Question 14

A real-time OS that performs preemptive priority scheduling for tasks A and B with A having a higher priority than B. Which of the following is the action that the OS takes?

a)When A is launched during the execution of B, B is put into a ready state and A is executed.b)When A is launched during the execution of B, B is put into a waiting state and A is executed.c)When B is launched during the execution of A, A is put into a ready state and B is executed.d)When B is launched during the execution of A, A is put into a waiting state and B is executed.

Oct 2024 · Question 15

An OS chooses a process for CPU execution based on a scheduling algorithm. Consider four processes, P1, P2, P3, and P4, and their corresponding arrival times along with their burst times shown in the table below. Which of the following is the correct combination of waiting times for the processes to be executed in the First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm? Here, arrival time is when a process enters the ready queue, burst time is the time required for CPU execution, and waiting time is the time a process spends in the ready queue before CPU execution begins.

Unit: millisecond

Process	Arrival time	Burst Time
P1	0	6
P2	2	4
P3	4	9
P4	5	7

P1P2P3P4

a)0245b)04614c)6497d)661312

Apr 2024 · Question 13

An operating system adopts the priority scheduling algorithm for scheduling processes. There are five processes A, B, C, D and E arriving at the same time with estimated running times of 10, 6, 2, 4, and 8 milliseconds, respectively. Their priorities are 3, 5, 2, 1, and 4, where 1 is the highest priority. What is the mean process turnaround time?

a)14b)16c)20d)22

Apr 2024 · Question 14

Data is continuously sent for T seconds from the sending task to the receiving task in the diagram below. When the volume of data sent in 1 second is S and the volume of data received in 1 second is R, which of the following is the appropriate relational expression indicating the buffer size L to prevent buffer overflow? Here, the sending task has a higher transfer speed than the receiving task, and there is a sufficient time interval until the start of the next transfer.

a)L < (R − S) × Tb)L < (S − R) × Tc)L ≧ (R − S) × Td)L ≧ (S − R) × T

Oct 2023 · Question 17

Which of the following occurs when a program attempts to access a page that is mapped in the virtual address space but is not located in the main memory? Here, the OS supports paging.

a)Fatal errorb)Page faultc)Scheduling errord)Segmentation fault

Oct 2023 · Question 18

Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the round robin process scheduling method?

a)CPU resources are allocated to each process in order of priority specified in advance when a particular event occurs.b)CPU resources are allocated to each process in order of processing time from shortest to longest.c)CPU resources are allocated to the first executable process in the queue when an interval-timer interrupt is generated.d)CPU resources are allocated to the process that needs to start immediately when some kind of interrupt is generated.

Oct 2023 · Question 19

Which of the following is an explanation of the function of an archiver that is one of the data management utilities?

a)Compiling several files into one file or reconstructing the original files in order to perform data backup and distributionb)Creating both an area for recording data and an area for managing data on a single hard diskc)Keeping data secure through file protection for safeguarding data from unauthorized use and destruction, and also through copy protection for preventing unauthorized copyingd)Rearranging a file into contiguous areas, to the extent possible, on a hard disk in which fragmentation has occurred

Apr 2023 · Question 18

In preemptive Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF) scheduling, on arrival or completion of any process, the scheduler schedules processes from the list of available processes and running processes that have the least remaining CPU-burst time. The four processes, namely, P1, P2, P3, and P4, their corresponding CPU-burst time and arrival time are shown in the table below. Which of the following is the average waiting time in milliseconds for the processes to be executed in preemptive SRTF scheduling?

Process	Arrival time inmillisecond	CPU-burst time inmillisecond
P1	0	8
P2	2	3
P3	3	7
P4	5	4

a)3.0b)4.75c)5.5d)10.25

Apr 2023 · Question 19

Among the different types of backup methods, which of the following is incremental backup? Here, in the first backup, all files are backed up and the information that indicates a file update managed by the operating system is reset.

a)All files are backed up regardless of information indicating a file update, and the information indicating a file update is left unchanged.b)All files are backed up regardless of information indicating a file update, and the information indicating a file update is reset.c)Only files with information indicating a file update are backed up, and the information indicating a file update is left unchanged.d)Only files with information indicating a file update are backed up, and the information indicating a file update is reset.

Oct 2022 · Question 17

On a computer with virtual memory, the number of blocks in real memory is three (3). One of the two (2) algorithms of FIFO and LFU (least frequently used) is used for selecting the page to be removed from real memory. When five (5) pages are referenced in the page-reference sequence shown below as a string, which of the following is an appropriate combination of the number of page fault operations for each algorithm? Here, the three (3) blocks in the real memory are initially empty.

[Page reference string]

1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5

FIFOLFU

a)32b)46c)53d)69

Oct 2022 · Question 18

In an OS, task scheduling is performed by the priority order method. The table below shows the priorities for three (3) tasks A to C and the execution sequence and execution time of the CPU and I/O device for the tasks when each task is executed individually. What is the idle time of the CPU in milliseconds from the time when the three (3) tasks are set to the ready state to the time when the execution of all of the tasks is finished? Here, there is one (1) CPU, the CPU consists of one (1) core, there is no I/O contention, and no overhead of the OS is considered. In the table below, the numbers in parentheses indicate the execution time for each operation.

Tasks	Priority	Execution sequence and execution time (in milliseconds) when each task is executed individually
A	High	CPU(3) → I/O(5) → CPU(2)
B	Medium	CPU(2) → I/O(6) → CPU(2)
C	Low	CPU(1) → I/O(5) → CPU(1)

a)2b)3c)4d)5

Oct 2022 · Question 19

Which of the following is the standard API (Application Programming Interface) used by a Java application to access a database?

a)HTMLb)Java VMc)JDBCd)SQL

Apr 2022 · Question 17

An OS chooses a process for CPU execution based on the First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm. There are four processes, P1, P2, P3, and P4, and their-arrival times and burst times are shown in the table below. Which of the following is the appropriate combination of waiting times for the processes to be executed? Here, the arrival time is the time at which a process enters the ready queue and is ready for execution, the burst time is the time a process requires for CPU execution, and the waiting time is the period of time a process spends in the ready queue waiting for the CPU to start execution.

Unit: milliseconds

Process	Arrival time	Burst time
P1	0	3
P2	2	5
P3	4	7
P4	5	2

P1P2P3P4

a)01410b)0245c)0357d)03815

Apr 2022 · Question 18

Which of the following is an appropriate reason for using a real-time OS in an embedded system?

a)A graphical user interface is provided from an ease-of-use perspective with a real-time OS.b)A real-time OS guarantees the highest levels of system security and reliability.c)No data is lost even if an application program hangs up with a real-time OS.d)With a real-time OS, there is a mechanism available to respond within a limited time.

Apr 2022 · Question 19

Which of the following is software that can be used without charge but has restrictions on modification and redistribution?

a)Freewareb)Package softwarec)Public domain softwared)Shareware

Apr 2021 · Question 17

In the switching procedure of processes in the multiprogramming shown in the figure below, which of the following is an appropriate combination of OS processing from A to C?

ABC

a)Restoration of the running stateSelection of the processSaving of the running stateb)Saving of the running stateRestoration of the running stateSelection of the processc)Saving of the running stateSelection of the processRestoration of the running stated)Selection of the processRestoration of the running stateSaving of the running state

Apr 2021 · Question 18

Among the page replacement methods in virtual memory management, which of the following is the LRU control method?

a)Each page is managed by appending a reference flag and a change flag, and pages without reference or change are replaced with higher priority.b)One of the pages in main memory is randomly chosen with the same probability and then replaced.c)The page that has been stored in the main memory for the longest time is replaced.d)The page that has not been referenced the longest time is replaced.

Apr 2021 · Question 19

Which of the following is an appropriate function of a linker?

a)To load a load module to the main memory ahead of executionb)To monitor the execution of a program and to record the execution results for each stepc)To perform a resolution of cross references and to create one (1) load module from multiple object modulesd)To register a created program in a library

Oct 2021 · Question 17

In Round Robin scheduling, the CPU-time is shared among processes on the basis of the predefined time slot. There are four processes, namely P1, P2, P3, and P4, and their corresponding CPU-execution times are shown in the table below. All four (4) processes arrive at time 0, in the given order, and waiting time is the total time for which a process has to wait before it obtains its time slice for execution. Each time slot is 10 milliseconds. Which of the following is the average waiting time in milliseconds for the processes to be executed in Round Robin?

Process	CPU-execution time
P1	10
P2	23
P3	7
P4	3

a)10.75b)14.25c)15.00d)16.75

Oct 2021 · Question 18

There exist methods to obtain backup files for the purpose of recovering files and managing generations. Which of the following is an appropriate description for those methods or procedures?

a)A differential backup contains all files that are modified following the last full backup, while an incremental backup saves all files that are modified after the last full, differential, or incremental backup.b)A differential backup may take longer to restore files than an incremental backup, because the most recent versions of files are spread across a larger number of backup sets.c)A multiplexed backup is used as a mixed combination of a full backup, differential backup, and incremental backup.d)An incremental backup tends to take longer to backup files than a differential backup because more files are copied during each backup.

Apr 2020 · Question 16

When the number of concurrently running programs is increased in a virtual storage system with a small and insufficient main memory capacity, which of the following is the state in which the overhead of the system increases and the processor utilization of the applications decreases?

a)Bottleneckb)Fragmentationc)Pagingd)Thrashing

Apr 2020 · Question 18

Assume that there are three pages in the real memory that can be allocated by the LRU method. Which of the following is the number of page faults for the page reference string shown below? Here, three pages are initially empty, and filling of an empty page is not considered as a page replacement operation. The numbers are the page IDs that come to the system from left to right.

Page reference string	2	4	1	1	2	7	3	4	6	5	5	1	2

a)4b)5c)6d)7

Apr 2020 · Question 19

32-bit virtual address space is mapped to 4 k-byte pages. How many pages can be created? Here, 1k bytes represent 1,024 bytes.

a)2⁴b)2¹⁰c)2²⁰d)2³²

Apr 2020 · Question 20

The four jobs A through D are executed based on the conditions below and printed. How many seconds is it until all printing is completed after a job is started?

[Conditions](1)All jobs are launched at once, and executed by the CPU with a multiplicity of one.(2)Job A has the highest priority, followed by B, C, and D.(3)After each job is executed, a spooling function prints each job in turn on a single printer.(4)The execution time and printing time when each job is executed separately are as shown in the table.(5)Other overheads are not considered.

Unit: seconds

Job	CPU Execution time	Printing time
A	50	50
B	30	40
C	20	30
D	40	20

a)100b)160c)190d)280

Oct 2020 · Question 16

Which of the following is an appropriate description of the dispatcher in an operating system?

a)A function in which multiple tasks appear to be running simultaneously on a single processorb)The allocation of the right to use a processor for a ready processc)The context that is the information required for process executiond)The determination of the order of execution for each proces

Oct 2020 · Question 17

Among the processes that are performed by a compiler for a procedural language, which of the following is the process that is performed first?

a)Lexical analysisb)Optimizationc)Semantic analysisd)Syntactic analysis (parsing)

Oct 2020 · Question 18

The table below shows the priority of three tasks, A through C, and the operation sequence and the processing time of the CPU and the I/O device when each task is executed independently. Which of the following represents the scheduling condition during the time period of 7 ms after 3 ms have elapsed since A through C became simultaneously ready for execution? Here, there is no I/O contention, and the overhead of the OS is not considered. And the numbers in parentheses indicate processing time, and “waiting” in the answer group indicates that the task is ready and is waiting for the allocation of the CPU.

Task	Priority	Operation sequence and processing time(ms) for individual execution
A	High	CPU(2) → I/O(2) → CPU(2)
B	Medium	CPU(3) → I/O(5) → CPU(2)
C	Low	CPU(2) → I/O(2) → CPU(3)

a)b)c)d)

Oct 2020 · Question 19

Which of the following represents appropriate handling for open source software according to OSI’s definition?

a)For open- source software that is created for a specific industry, the scope of publishing of the source code can be limited to that industry.b)If open- source software is to be modified for uses such as internal use by a company without being redistributed, the modified part of the source code does not have to be published.c)When open- source software is modified and redistributed, the same license as the original software must be used for distribution so that the distribution conditions are remain the same as the original software.d)When open- source software is redistributed by a third party as a product, the developer of the open- source software can charge a license fee to the third party.

Oct 2020 · Question 57

Which of the following is the most appropriate description about the backup of data on a disk that is connected to a server?

a)All data are backed up on the day the system commences full operations, and only frequently updated data are backed up thereafter to shorten the work time.b)Data distributed and stored in multiple files are backed up when a series of update processes to the files are completed.c)Data whose frequency of use are low after a certain period of time are deleted from the current disk, and the data that have been backed up are also deleted.d)Important data are backed up by overwriting data on the same media, so that the backup media are not mistaken.

Oct 2019 · Question 17

Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of a memory leak?

a)An increase in the number of applications executed concurrently causes most processing time to be spent for paging because of a lack of main memory, and results in an extreme reduction of throughput.b)It is a method to insert required modules into main memory when there is a restriction on the size of the program area during execution.c)Part of main memory reserved during operation is not released because of a bug in the OS or an application, and as a result, the usable area of main memory decreases.d)The total amount of free space available for use in main memory is sufficient, but no space can be reserved for loading a large program because of fragmentation.

Oct 2019 · Question 19

Which of the following is an explanation of an absolute path name in a file system?

a)The path name from the current directory to the target fileb)The path name from the home directory to the target filec)The path name from the root directory to the target filed)The shortest path name among path names from a certain directory to the target file

Oct 2019 · Question 20

Which of the following is the main purpose of optimization by a compiler?

a)To improve the maintainability of a programb)To make debugging of a program easierc)To reduce the execution time of a programd)To reduce the time needed to generate object codes

Oct 2019 · Question 21

Which of the following is the OSS that is provided as an integrated development environment for software?

a)Apache Tomcatb)Eclipsec)GCCd)Linux

Apr 2019 · Question 16

Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of paging?

a)A method of memory management in which multiple records are read and written as a block on an auxiliary storageb)A method of memory management in which the main memory is divided into multiple areas so that reading and writing can be performed simultaneouslyc)A method of memory management in which the programs are relocated for execution in a different area of the main memoryd)A method of memory management in which the virtual memory space and real memory space are divided into fixed-length blocks for management

Apr 2019 · Question 17

Which of the following is a method that performs data transfer between the main memory and a low-speed output device via a high-speed auxiliary storage device to increase the throughput of the entire system?

a)Blockingb)Pagingc)Spoolingd)Swapping

Apr 2019 · Question 18

In the figure below, data are sent continuously for T seconds from the send task to the receive task. When the volume of the data sent per second is S and volume of the data received per second is R, which of the following is an appropriate relational expression for buffer size L for a buffer that does not overflow? Here, the transmission speed for the send task is faster than the transmission speed for the receive task, and there is sufficient time between the transmissions.

a)L < (R − S) × Tb)L < (S − R) × Tc)L ≥ (R − S) × Td)L ≥ (S − R) × T

Apr 2019 · Question 19

On a virtual memory computer, the number of pages that can be allocated to the real memory is three (3), and the two (2) algorithms of FIFO and LRU are used for selecting the page to be removed. When a page reference string shown below accesses the three (3) pages, which of the following is an appropriate combination of the number of page replacement operations? Here, the three (3) pages are initially empty and filling of an empty page is not considered as a page replacement operation.

1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5

FIFOLRU

a)32b)36c)43d)54

Apr 2019 · Question 20

A real-time OS performs preemptive scheduling on a priority basis and schedules two (2) tasks A and B. When A has a higher priority than B, which of the following is an appropriate task management by the real-time OS?

a)When A is launched during the execution of B, B is assigned a “ready” status and A is executed.b)When A is launched during the execution of B, B is assigned a “waiting” status and A is executed.c)When B is launched during the execution of A, A is assigned a “ready” status and B is executed.d)When B is launched during the execution of A, A is assigned a “waiting” status and B is executed.

Apr 2019 · Question 55

Which of the following is the most appropriate description concerning a backup method for data in a new system?

a)In consideration of a possible increase in the response time in the business processes, the backup schedule is adjusted so that it does not overlap with the business processes.b)To save the backup data for a long period of time, a random-access medium is used.c)To shorten the time taken for recovery from the backup data, a differential backup is used.d)To shorten the time taken for the backup process, the backup data are placed in the same storage medium as the source data.

Oct 2018 · Question 17

As shown below, there is a set of processes, with the length of the CPU-burst time given in milliseconds, and the processes arrive in the order of P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 with the arrival time of all processes at t = 0.

Process	Burst Time
P1	14
P2	5
P3	6
P4	5
P5	7

Which of the following is the average turnaround time of five (5) processes from P1 through P5 with the first-come first-served (FCFS) scheduling algorithm?

a)10b)15c)20d)25

Oct 2018 · Question 18

Which of the following is an appropriate usage method of the priority-based preemptive scheduling that is used in an embedded real-time operating system?

a)It is used when evenly assigning the execution time for each task.b)It is used when tasks are processed according to their importance and urgency.c)It is used when tasks are processed sequentially from the earlier arriving times.d)It is used when tasks are processed sequentially from the shorter processing times.

Oct 2018 · Question 19

Multiple directories named A and B are managed in the structure shown in the figure below. Which of the following is the case in which the current directory is moved so that “\B\A\B” is the current directory? Here, the method for directory designation is as below, and → indicates the order of movement.

[Method for directory designation](1)A directory is referenced as “directory name\ ⋯ \directory name”, where the directories on the path are aligned and delimited with “\” in sequence, followed by “\” and the directory name.(2)The current directory is represented by “.” (a period).(3)The directory one (1) hierarchical level above is represented by “..” (two periods).(4)When a reference begins with a “\”, it is assumed that the root directory is omitted at the leftmost position of the reference.(5)When a reference does not start with “\”, “.”, or “..”, it is assumed that “.\” is omitted from the leftmost position of the reference.

a)\A → ..\B → .\A\Bb)\B → .\B\A → ..\Bc)\B → \A → \Bd)\B\A → ..\B

Oct 2018 · Question 20

In the virtual memory of a paging system, which of the following is a cause that increases the number of page fault occurrences?

a)An access to a page that has not been accessed for a long time in main memoryb)An increase in access to a page that does not exist in main memoryc)An increase in access to a page that exists in main memoryd)An increase in the ratio of pages that are updated among the pages in main memory

Oct 2018 · Question 21

Which of the following is a criterion for a page to be replaced in a Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm?

a)The cumulative total number of referencesb)The first referenced timec)The frequency of references per unit of timed)The last referenced time

Apr 2018 · Question 16

Which of the following is a page fault in a virtual memory system?

a)An access to a page that is mapped in the virtual memory, but not loaded in the physical memoryb)A hardware error in the physical memoryc)A program attempting to insert more data than it can hold in the physical memoryd)A reference to a page that another program is currently using in the virtual memory

Apr 2018 · Question 20

Which of the following is the appropriate function of a linker?

a)Creating a load module from multiple object modules, etc. by performing operations such as cross-reference resolutionb)Loading a load module into main memory before executionc)Monitoring program execution and logging the execution result for each stepd)Registering a created program to a library