ITPEC FE Subject A April 2026 Question 54

The robot learns its own working method instead of being programmed with one.

That is the essence of machine learning: behaviour is derived from data and experience rather than written out as explicit rules by a developer.

Answer (b)

Why not others:
- (a) — describes a fault tree or cause-and-effect diagram; the decomposition and the statistical investigation are done by human analysts
- (c) — describes M2M / IoT, connecting equipment for real-time control; connectivity alone involves no learning
- (d) — describes the learning curve (experience curve), an economic observation that unit cost falls by a fixed percentage as cumulative volume doubles

Key rule: Option (d) is the trap, because "learning" there refers to workers gaining experience, not to a machine building a model from data. Ask what is doing the learning and from what.

AI-generated — may contain errors