ITPEC FE Subject A April 2026 Question 54

A production robot learns its own working method instead of being programmed — learning behaviour from data and experience is what machine learning means.

In machine learning, a system improves its performance by building a model from data or from trial and error, rather than following rules a developer wrote out. A robot that raises its own work efficiency this way is a direct application at a production site.

Answer (b)

Why not others:

• •(a) — a fault tree or cause-and-effect analysis carried out by human analysts; no machine learns anything
• •(c) — real-time networked control (M2M, IoT); connecting equipment involves no learning
• •(d) — the learning curve (experience curve): workers become more productive as cumulative volume grows; the learning is human, not machine

Key rule: For a machine learning example, ask what is learning and from what: it must be the machine, improving from data or experience without explicitly programmed rules.

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