ITPEC FE Morning October 2021 Question 74

Machine learning means a system learns from data rather than being explicitly programmed. Option (a) describes a production robot that learns its working method by itself instead of being manually programmed — this is a textbook ML application.

Why not others:
- (b) Describes fault tree analysis — decomposing defect causes into a tree structure is a statistical/analytical method, not machine learning.
- (c) Describes factory automation (FA) — connecting equipment via high-speed networks for real-time control is industrial automation, not learning from data.
- (d) Describes the learning curve effect — a well-known economic principle where human productivity improves as cumulative output doubles. This is about human experience, not machine learning.

Key rule: Machine learning = the system learns by itself from data, not programmed with explicit rules and not a human productivity trend.

AI-generated — may contain errors