ITPEC FE Subject A October 2025 Question 25

Source exam: ITPEC FE Subject A October 2025Topic: Networks

ITPEC FE Subject A October 2025 — Question 25 of 60

Gateway — protocol conversion between different LAN systems (transport layer and above).

A gateway operates at Layer 4–7 of the OSI model and performs protocol conversion between networks that use different protocols from the transport layer upward.

Why not others:
- (a) Bridge — operates at Layer 2 (data link); forwards frames based on MAC addresses, no protocol conversion

- (c) Repeater — operates at Layer 1 (physical); only amplifies/regenerates signals

- (d) Router — operates at Layer 3 (network); routes packets by IP address but does not convert upper-layer protocols

Key rule: When the question says "different from the transport layer upward" + "protocol conversion" → the answer is always Gateway.

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