ITPEC FE Subject A April 2025 Question 20
ITPEC FE Subject A April 2025 — Question 20 of 60
UML Multiplicity in ER Models — determine cardinality from business rules.
Given a model: Department —[I]— Assignment history —[II]— Employee.
Conditions:
- (1) One or more employees belong to a department
- (2) An employee belongs to any one department
- (3) Department transfer history is recorded as assignment history
Blank I (Department → Assignment history):
- Condition (1) guarantees at least one employee per department
- Each employee has at least one assignment record
- Result: 1..* (one or more)
Blank II (Employee → Assignment history):
- Condition (2) states every employee belongs to a department — this means at least one assignment record exists
- Condition (3) adds that transfers create additional records
- Result: 1..* (one or more)
Answer: d) I = 1..*, II = 1..
Why not others:
- (a) 0..*, 0..* — violates both conditions: departments must have employees, employees must have assignments
- (b) 0..*, 1..* — I is wrong: condition (1) guarantees at least one record per department
- (c) 1..*, 0..* — II is wrong: condition (2) guarantees every employee has at least one assignment
Key rule: "Belongs to" in present tense means the relationship is mandatory (minimum = 1). Assignment history records all assignments including current, not just past transfers.
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