ITPEC IP April 2026 Question 90

Ordering components so they arrive when they are needed, keeping work in process at an appropriate quantity — the just-in-time principle of lean production.

Lean production, modelled on the Toyota Production System, removes waste: overproduction, excess inventory, waiting, unnecessary transport. Just-in-time makes and delivers only what is needed, when it is needed, in the quantity needed. Kanban cards pulled by each downstream process tell the upstream process what to make next, so work in process stays small and many product varieties can flow through the line efficiently.

Answer (b)

Why not others:

• •(a) — owning no production line and outsourcing production is fabless manufacturing; it says nothing about how production flows
• •(c) — producing more than predicted demand is overproduction, the first waste lean production eliminates; it builds inventory instead of cutting it
• •(d) — one person assembling a whole product is cell production (a one-person cell); it is a way of organizing work, not the just-in-time control of parts and stock the question describes

Key rule: Just-in-time and kanban form a pull system: each process makes only what the next one has withdrawn, so inventory between processes stays minimal.

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