ITPEC IP October 2025 Question 49
ITPEC IP October 2025 — Question 49 of 100
Black-box testing focuses on program inputs and observable outputs — test cases come from specifications without relying on the source code or internal control structure.
Typical black-box techniques include equivalence partitioning, boundary-value analysis, decision tables, and state-transition testing. They test whether externally visible behavior satisfies requirements for selected conditions.
Answer (d)
Why not others:
- (a) all-branch coverage is a white-box structural criterion
- (b) all-instruction or statement coverage is also a white-box criterion
- (c) basing cases on internal program structure directly defines white-box testing
Key rule: Black-box tests derive from required behavior; white-box tests derive from statements, branches, paths, and other internal structure.
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