ITPEC IP April 2022 Question 34

A wide-area wireless network with small power consumption — LPWA (Low Power Wide Area), built for IoT sensors.

LPWA deliberately gives up speed: it sends small amounts of data at low rates, often only a few hundred bit/s to some hundred kbit/s. In return a device can run for years on ordinary batteries and reach a base station several kilometres away. That fits sensors that report a reading now and then, such as meters, environmental monitors or trackers. LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT are examples.

Answer (b)

Why not others:

• •(a) — describes machine learning: a computer learns rules from data instead of being programmed with them
• •(c) — describes blockchain: each block holds the hash of the previous one, so tampering shows up as an inconsistency
• •(d) — describes WPA2 (or WPA), the wireless LAN encryption recommended in place of the vulnerable WEP

Key rule: LPWA trades speed for range and battery life; it suits IoT devices sending little data, while a wireless LAN or 5G is chosen when speed matters.

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