ITPEC FE Morning October 2022 Question 33
ITPEC FE Morning October 2022 — Question 33 of 80
TCP Congestion Control — TCP is the protocol that supports congestion control.
TCP uses congestion control mechanisms to regulate the rate of data transmission and prevent network overload:
- Slow start — begins with a small congestion window, doubles it each RTT
- Congestion avoidance — increases window linearly after threshold
- Fast retransmit / fast recovery — reacts to packet loss without full restart
Why not others:
- (a) ARP — resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses; no flow or congestion control
- (b) ICMP — used for diagnostics (ping, traceroute); does not manage traffic flow
- (d) UDP — connectionless, no reliability guarantees, no congestion control
Key rule: TCP = reliable, connection-oriented, with flow control + congestion control. UDP = fast, connectionless, no guarantees.
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