ITPEC FE Morning April 2021 Question 76
There are several quality control tools that have been used primarily for manufacturing and inspection departments. Which of the following is a combined graph containing a bar graph that shows the numeric values of individual items in descending order, and a line graph that shows the cumulative total of the composition ratios of these numeric values?
Explanation
Pareto chart — bars in descending order plus a line of the cumulative percentage.
A Pareto chart sorts items (for example, causes of defects) from largest to smallest as bars and draws the cumulative share as a line. It shows at a glance the few items that account for most of the total, so improvement can be focused on them. It is the basis of ABC analysis.
Answer (c)
Why not others:
- •(a) Control chart — plots a quality measure over time between upper and lower control limits to judge whether the process is stable
- •(b) Histogram — bars show the frequency of each class of values, in the order of the value range, to show the shape of a distribution; there is no cumulative line
- •(d) Scatter diagram — plots pairs of values as points to show the correlation between two variables
Key rule: Sorted bars with a cumulative line is Pareto (focus on the vital few); frequency by value range is a histogram; points over time between limits is a control chart.
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