IPA IP 2026 Question 29
A question IPA Japan published in 令和8年度 ITパスポート試験 公開問題 問29, translated into English. ITPEC is based on the same exams.
In outsourcing program development work, which of the following is an appropriate explanation of the case where there is no special arrangement concerning the rights and obligations of the orderer and the contractor in a contract for work?
Explanation
Remuneration is due when the program is delivered — under a contract for work the price is paid in exchange for the finished result.
A contract for work (ukeoi, under Japan's Civil Code) is a promise to complete a piece of work, here a program, in return for remuneration. Where the parties agree nothing special, the Civil Code's default rules apply. One of them (Article 633) says that the remuneration must be paid at the same time as the delivery of the completed work. So the orderer's duty to pay arises when it receives the program.
Answer (c)
Why not others:
- •(a) — in a contract for work only the result matters, so the contractor may subcontract part of the work freely unless the contract forbids it; prior consent is required to re-delegate under a mandate contract, not here
- •(b) — the contractor's liability for a defect is limited in time: the orderer must notify the contractor within one year of learning of the defect, so the repair cannot be requested at any time
- •(d) — the orderer may cancel at any time before completion, but only on compensating the contractor for its damages (Article 641)
Key rule: A contract for work pays for a completed result: payment on delivery, subcontracting allowed, defects claimable within a time limit, and cancellation before completion only with compensation.
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This question comes from the past questions IPA Japan publishes, translated into English by ITPEC Practice. ITPEC Practice is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with IPA or ITPEC. See the original paper (PDF) or Report an issue.