IPA IP 2022 Question 18
A question IPA Japan published in 令和4年度 ITパスポート試験 公開問題 問18, translated into English. ITPEC is based on the same exams.
Which of the following is the most appropriate description concerning the initiatives that have become prominent since Industry 4.0?
Explanation
Products made to each customer's specifications at low cost and short lead times through IT — the mass customization that Industry 4.0 aims at.
Industry 4.0, a German initiative, is the fourth industrial revolution in manufacturing. Factories connect machines, products and systems through IoT and cyber-physical systems, so a production line can switch between individual specifications automatically. One-off products then cost about as little and arrive as fast as mass-produced ones.
Answer (a)
Why not others:
- •(b) — steam power moving light industry from manual work to factory machines is the First Industrial Revolution
- •(c) — computer-controlled automation making mass production cheaper is the Third Industrial Revolution
- •(d) — electricity and oil, scientific management and conveyor-belt mass production of identical goods is the Second Industrial Revolution
Key rule: Steam, then electricity and mass production, then computer automation, then IoT and AI; Industry 4.0 is the last, and its mark is customization at mass-production efficiency.
Business Industry · AI-written, may contain errors
This question comes from the past questions IPA Japan publishes, translated into English by ITPEC Practice. ITPEC Practice is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with IPA or ITPEC. See the original paper (PDF) or Report an issue.