IPA IP 2021 Question 97
A question IPA Japan published in 令和3年度 ITパスポート試験 公開問題 問97, translated into English. ITPEC is based on the same exams.
Which of the following realizes a distributed ledger that is used as a fundamental technology of crypto assets, in which multiple computers hold data with the same content and each computer verifies and ensures the validity of the data, so that it becomes difficult to tamper with the data without inconsistency?
Explanation
Blockchain — a ledger shared by many computers, each holding the same copy and verifying it, which is the base of crypto assets such as Bitcoin.
Transactions are grouped into blocks, and each block carries the hash of the block before it, so the blocks form a chain. Changing one past record changes its hash and breaks every link after it, and the altered copy no longer agrees with the copies on the other computers. Since there is no central server, rewriting the record would mean redoing the chain on most of the network at once, so tampering is very hard.
Answer (c)
Why not others:
- •(a) Cloud computing — using servers, storage and software over the Internet as a service; it says nothing about a shared, verified ledger
- •(b) Deep learning — machine learning with many-layered neural networks, used for image and speech recognition
- •(d) Relational database — data in tables managed centrally by one DBMS; an administrator can change it, so it is not a distributed ledger
Key rule: Distributed ledger + hash-linked blocks + no central administrator = blockchain, the technology under crypto assets.
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This question comes from the past questions IPA Japan publishes, translated into English by ITPEC Practice. ITPEC Practice is an independent study tool and is not affiliated with IPA or ITPEC. See the original paper (PDF) or Report an issue.